Enrolled on:
CE1026 | Contact Hours: 2
The Pathophysiology of Hypertension
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this activity is to inform health care professionals about the pathophysiology of hypertension. Emphasis will be placed on enhancing understanding of the disease process, as well as improving understanding of the mechanism of action of medications commonly used to treat hypertension. After studying the content in this course, you will be able to:
1. Define how hypertension is diagnosed.
2. Describe the prevalence of hypertension.
3. Identify the risks of untreated hypertension.
4. Describe pathways that may become altered, leading to hypertension.
5. Identify medications that target these pathways.
RELEASE DATE
10/12/2022
EXPIRATION DATE
10/12/2024
AUTHOR
Amy Bacon, MHA, BSN, RN
CRITERIA FOR SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION
All learners must complete the entire activity and complete the evaluation to receive contact hours.
APPROVAL STATEMENT (ACCREDITATION INFORMATION)
This nursing continuing professional development activity was approved by the Ohio Nurses Association, an accredited approver by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation. (OBN-001-91).
In addition to states that accept American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) courses, CE Leaders is an approved provider by the Florida Board of Nursing, and a registered provider with the Arkansas State Board of Nursing, District of Columbia Board of Nursing, Georgia Board of Nursing, Kentucky Board of Nursing, New Mexico Board of Nursing, South Carolina Board of Nursing and West Virginia Board of Registered Nurses (Provider # 50-33450).
RELEVANT FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIP
No one with the ability to control content of this activity has a relevant financial relationship with an ineligible company.
INTRODUCTION
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly half of the adults in the United States suffer from hypertension. That represents 116 million people and only 1 in 4 of those have their blood pressure under control (1). Of that 116 million, over 91 million have been prescribed medication to treat their hypertension (2). Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious health risks, such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney disease, and cognitive decline (3). Given the prevalence and severe adverse outcomes of unmanaged hypertension, it is imperative that health care professionals have a solid understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension, along with common medications they will encounter when caring for this population.
REFERENCES
1. CDC. High Blood Pressure Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published September 27, 2021. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm. Last accessed 9/6/22.
2. CDC. Hypertension Prevalence in the U.S. | Million Hearts®. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published March 22, 2021. Available at https://millionhearts.hhs.gov/data-reports/hypertension-prevalence.html#:~:text=Many%20adults%20in%20the%20United. Last accessed 9/6/22.
3. Ahuja R, Ayala C, Tong X, Wall HK, Fang J. Public Awareness of Health-Related Risks From Uncontrolled Hypertension. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2018;15. doi:10.5888/pcd15.170362. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0362.htm#:~:text=Uncontrolled%20hypertension%20increases%20the%20risk,rates%20(4%2C5). Last accessed 9/6/22.
4. Explore High Blood Pressure in the United States | 2018 Annual Report. America’s Health Rankings. Published 2018. Available at https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/annual/measure/Hypertension/state/ALL. Last accessed 9/6/22.
5. New Guidance on Blood Pressure Management in Low-Risk Adults with Stage 1 Hypertension. American College of Cardiology. Available at https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2021/06/21/13/05/new-guidance-on-bp-management-in-low-risk-adults-with-stage-1-htn. Last accessed 9/6/22.
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11. American Heart Association. Know Your Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure. www.heart.org. Published December 31, 2017. Available at https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/why-high-blood-pressure-is-a-silent-killer/know-your-risk-factors-for-high-blood-pressure. Last accessed 9/6/22.
12. American Heart Association. Types of Blood Pressure Medications. www.heart.org. Published 2017. Available at https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/types-of-blood-pressure-medications. Last accessed 9/6/22.
13. Khalil H, Zeltser R. Antihypertensive Medications. PubMed. Published 2020. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554579/. Last accessed 9/6/22.
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